During this mission, John Glenn became the first American to orbit Earth. The next year, Johnson also verified an electronic computer’s calculations for the Friendship 7 mission. In 1961, she analyzed the flight trajectory for Alan Shepard’s Freedom 7 mission, the first human spaceflight completed by the United States. This assignment led to some of the achievements for which Johnson is best known. She was quickly reassigned to the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division. For her first two weeks, Johnson worked in the all-African American West Area Computing section. When Katherine Johnson began her 33-year career in 1953, Langley Research Center was racially segregated. NASA Langley Research Center Historic District (Katherine Johnson) Katherine Johnson working as a "computer" at NASA in 1966. This article features properties in the National Register of Historic Places that are related to their stories. Nevertheless, African American women played a critical role in the Space Race and rose to new heights as mathematicians, computer programmers, team project leads, and engineers at NASA. African American women faced additional barriers because of racial discrimination. At the time, opportunities for women to advance in their careers were limited. The agency did not open these positions to African American women until 1943 to address labor shortages during World War II. NACA began hiring white women as computers in 1935. Many of these women got their start as “human computers,” performing complicated calculations that supported the work of male engineers. During the 1950s and 1960s, they joined dozens of other African American women who crunched numbers and processed data for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and its successor, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In 2016, the film Hidden Figures skyrocketed Katherine Johnson, Mary Jackson, and Dorothy Vaughan to household names. The content for this article was researched and written by Jade Ryerson, an intern with the Cultural Resources Office of Interpretation and Education. research space onboard the ISS had been reserved for mostly government initiatives, but new opportunities for commercial and academic use of the ISS are now available, facilitated by the ISS National Lab.Woman computer with NASA. The first rudimentary station was created in 1969 by the linking of two Russian Soyuz vehicles in space, followed by other stations and developments in space technology until construction began on the ISS in 1998, aided by the first reusable spacecraft ever developed: the American shuttles. As the Space Age began in the 1950s, designs of “space planes” and stations dominated popular media.
The idea of a space station was once science fiction, existing only in the imagination until it became clear in the 1940s that construction of such a structure might be attainable by our nation. It is about four times as large as the Russian space station Mir and five times as large as the U.S. The space station is approximately the size of a football field: a 460-ton, permanently crewed platform orbiting 250 miles above Earth.
It is the result of unprecedented scientific and engineering collaboration among five space agencies representing 15 countries. Just as the oceans opened up a new world for clipper ships and Yankee traders, space holds enormous potential for commerce today. The International Space Station (ISS) took 10 years and more than 30 missions to assemble.
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